Landmark Films from Spain and Latin America is an introduction to pivotal films from Spain, Cuba, and Mexico. Among the titles we will study are several films regarded as masterpieces of world cinema as well as more light hearted and entertaining movies. Early films by Salvador Dalí and Luis Buñuel are the starting point and the module follows the course of Spanish surrealism to Latin America with Los olvidados, one of the most outstanding films to be made in Mexico. A comedy from Spain, Bienvenido Mr Marshall ushers in a thaw in Spain’s post-war relationship with the rest of the world. More recent films by Pedro Almodóvar illustrate the enormous changes experienced in Spanish society in the 80s, especially the emergence of feminist discourse. From the surrealists’ revolutionary cinema, the module moves to the cinema of revolution and two films marking watersheds in Cuban history. Memorias del subdesarrollo and Fresa y chocolate explore the upheavals in twentieth century Cuban society and the first efforts to acknowledge in Cuban cinema the persecution of dissidents and minorities. The module aims to allow students to interpret what is specifically Spanish or Latin American about the core films and to be able to apply these insights and be confident in enjoying the body of Hispanic cinema. Lectures are supplemented by regular small group teaching in seminar format where students lead discussion of the films through presentation of assigned viewing and reading. 

• Situate key films from Spain and Latin America within an understanding of the overall shape of film history  from the Spanish speaking world
• Discuss in writing and in oral presentation the salient features of individual films and point to connections between cinematic and socio-historical discourse
• Express an appreciation of key films from Spain and Latin America
• Know the names of important figures in filmmaking from Spain and Latin America
• Conjoin reference to key films with the specific national and political discourses (e.g. feminism) which inform them

Teaching is by lecture and seminar format; screening of films will be followed by film-specific lectures and these will be further complemented by regular seminars where participants will be invited to summarise and debate their reading of the critical and interpretative literature.

Learning is facilitated through the provision of access to copies of the films on the syllabus, through guided study of texts pertinent to the subject matter, and through interaction with peers in tutorial format seminars where the lecturer acts in the role of facilitator of discussion and debate.

Learning Central provides a forum for students to share their presentations and also extends and supplements the learning environment.

Intellectual Skills

1. Construction of a well formed and developed argument suitable for an academic essay or presentation
2. Critical reading of primary and secondary sources
3. Critical appreciation of cinema drawn from a variety of models

Transferable Skills

1. Critical interpretation of historically and nationally situated texts
2. Lexical confidence with terminologies drawn from film studies and Hispanic studies
3. Presentation of an argument to a group of peers (seminar work)
4. Aural comprehension of Spanish
5. Spanish vocabulary and grammar gleaned from viewing and reading transferable to core language modules

Seminar presentation - 15-20 minutes - 0% - in class throughout semester

Essay - 2,000 words - 30% - Week 11

Exam - 2 hours - 70% - Spring exam period

Films from Spain: Un perro andaluz / L’Âge d’or, Bienvenido Mr Marshall, Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios.

Films from Latin America: Memorias del subdesarrollo (Cuba), Los olvidados (Mexico), Fresa y chocolate (Cuba).

Films

(DVDs available in ASSL, some films also available on Youtube)

Luis Buñuel (/and Salvador Dalí) 

Un perro andaluz (Un chien andalou)

La edad de oro (L’Âge d’or)

Los olvidados

Pedro Almodóvar

Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios

Tomás Gutiérrez Alea

Fresa y chocolate

Memorias del subdesarrollo

Luis García Berlanga

¡Bienvenido Mister Marshall!

Books and articles

Luis Buñuel

My Last Breath (Vintage 2003)

Peter Evans

Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios / Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (BFI 1996)

Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, Edmundo Desnoes, Michael Chanan

Memories of Underdevelopment [Script in Spanish and English with explanatory essays and introduction] (Rutgers University Press 1990).

Laura Mulvey

‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’ in Feminism and Film, ed by E Ann Kaplan (OUP 2000)

Nathan E Richardson

‘Re-imagining Nation in Bienvenido Mister Marshall’

E-item available through ASSL Voyager Catalogue

Senel Paz, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea (trans. Peter Bush)

Strawberry and Chocolate [English translation of film script] (Bloomsbury 1995)

Enrico Mario Santi

‘Fresa y chocolate: The Rhetoric of Cuban Reconciliation’

E-item available through ASSL Voyager Catalogue

Mark Polizzoti

Los olvidados (BFI Film Classics 2006)

Titles focussed on Buñuel and/or on his cinema

Baxter, John. Buñuel (London: Fourth Estate, 1994).

Buñuel, Luis. Mi último suspiro (Barcelona: Plaza & Janes, 1982).

Carrière, Jean-Claude, Juan Luis Buñuel, and Rafael Buñuel. An Unspeakable Betrayal: Selected Writings of Luis Buñuel (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).

Delgado Morales, Manuel, and Alice J Poust. Lorca, Buñuel, Dalí: Art and Theory (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; 2001).

Durgnat, Raymond. Luis Buñuel (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977).

Edwards, Gwynne. The Discreet Art of Luis Buñuel: A Reading of his Films (London: Boyars, 1982).

Evans, Peter William. The Films of Luis Buñuel: Subjectivity and Desire (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).

——, and Isabel Santaolalla. Luis Buñuel: New Readings (London: BFI Pub., 2004).

Fowler, Catherine. The European Cinema Reader (London: Routledge, 2002).

Hammond, Paul. L'Âge d'or (London: British Film Institute, 1997).

Higginbotham, Virginia. Luis Buñuel (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1979).

Ibarz, Mercè. Buñuel documental: "Tierra sin pan" y su tiempo (Zaragoza: Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 1999).

King, Elliott H. Dalí, Surrealism and Cinema (Harpenden : Kamera Books, 2007).

Mellen, Joan [ed.] The World of Luis Buñuel: Essays in Criticism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978).

Monegal, Antonio. Luis Buñuel: de la literatura al cine: una poética del objeto (Barcelona: Anthropos, 1993).

Pérez Turrent, Tomás, and José de la Colina: Buñuel por Buñuel (Madrid: Plot, 1993).

Rubia Barcia, José. Con Luis Buñuel en Hollywood y después (A Coruña: Ediciós do Castro, 1992).

Sánchez Vidal, Agustín. Buñuel, Lorca, Dalí: el enigma sin fin (Barcelona: Planeta, 1996).

——. El mundo de Luis Buñuel (Zaragoza: Caja de Ahorros Inmaculada Aragon, 1993).

Sandro, Paul. Diversions of pleasure: Luis Buñuel and the Crises of Desire (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1988).

Taléns, Jenaro. El ojo tachado: lectura de Un chien andalou de Luis Buñuel (Madrid: Càtedra, 1986).

Williams, Linda. Figures of desire: A Theory and Analysis of Surrealist Film (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981).

Surrealism

Bataille, Georges. The Absence of Myth: Writings on Surrealism (London: Verso, 1994).

Brandon, Ruth. Title: Surreal Lives: The Surrealists, 1917-1945 (London: Macmillan, 1999).

Breton, André. What is Surrealism?: Selected Writings of André Breton (London: Pluto Press, 1978).

Cohen, Margaret. Profane Illumination: Walter Benjamin and the Paris of Surrealist Revolution (London: University of California Press, 1995).

Durozoi, Gérard. History of the Surrealist Movement (London: University of Chicago Press, 2002).

El surrealismo en España (Madrid: Museo Nacional de Arte Reina Sofía, Ministerio de Cultura, 1994).

Fer, Briony. Realism, Rationalism, Surrealism: Art between the Wars (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993).

García Gallego, Jesús. Bibliografía y crítica del surrealismo y la generación del veintisiete (Madrid: Centro Cultural de la Generación del 27, 1989).

Gale, Matthew. Dalí and Film (London: Tate, 2007).

Gibson, Ian. The Shameful Life of Salvador Dalí (London: Faber and Faber, 1997).

Havard, Robert. Companion to Spanish Surrealism (Rochester NY: Tamesis, 2004).

Ilie, Paul. Los surrealistas españoles (Madrid: Taurus, 1972).

Kovács, Steven. From Enchantment to Rage: The Story of Surrealist Cinema (Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1980).

Kuenzli, Rudolf E. Dada and Surrealist Film (New York: Willis, Locker & Owens, 1987).

Lewis, Helena. Dada Turns Red: The Politics of Surrealism (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990).

Morris, Brian C. The Surrealist Adventure in Spain (Ottawa : Dovehouse Editions, 1991).

Morris, C. B. Surrealism and Spain, 1920-1936 (London: Cambridge University Press, 1972).

Rose, Alan. Surrealism and Communism: The Early Years (London: Peter Lang, 1991).

Rosemont, Penelope. Surrealist Women: An International Anthology (London: Athlone Press, 1998).

Short, Robert. Dada and Surrealism (Secaucus, N.J.: Chartwell, 1980).

Waldberg, Patrick. Surrealism (London: Thames and Hudson, 1978).

Documentaries on Buñuel and Dalí

Arena: Buñuel (BBC film with narration in English and readings from My Last Sigh).

A próposito de Buñuel (A film in Spanish and French about Buñuel’s life and works.).

The Fame and Shame of Salvador Dalí (BBC film from 1997 featuring Dalí biographer Ian Gibson).

Suurealisimo. (Drama based on Dalí’s differences with the Paris surrealists).

André Breton’s Naughty Bits. (Considers the legacy of the ‘pope’ of surrealism).

Other Documentaries

Reading Movies (from the OU archive: an introduction to film interpretation with special focus on meanings of editing and montage)

Vermeer (A film appreciation of the artist whose work is referenced in Un chien andalou).

Titles focussed on Almodóvar and/or on his cinema

Acevedo-Muñoz, Ernesto. ‘Melo-Thriller: Hitchcock, Genre, and Nationalism in Pedro Almodóvar’s Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown,’ in After Hitchcock; Influence, Imitation, and Intertextuality ed. David Boyd and R. Barton Palmer (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006).

——— Pedro Almodóvar (London: BFI, 2007).

Allinson, Mark. A Spanish Labyrinth: The Films of Pedro Almodóvar (London: Tauris, 2001).

Almodóvar, Pedro. Un cine visceral: conversaciones con Frédéric Strauss (Madrid: Aguilar, 1995).

D’Lugo, Marvin. Pedro Almodóvar (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006).

Edwards, Gwynne. Indecent exposures: Buñuel, Saura, Erice & Almodóvar (London: Marion Boyars, 1995).

Evans, Peter William. Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (London: BFI, 1996).

García de León, María Antonia. Pedro Almodóvar, la otra España cañí: sociología y crítica cinematográficas (Ciudad Real: Diputación de Ciudad Real, 1989).

Redding Jessup, Florence. ‘Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown: Sexism or Emancipation from Machismo,’ in Look Who’s Laughing: Gender and Comedy ed. Gail Finney (Langhorn: Gordon and Breach, 1994)

Smith, Paul Julian, Desire Unlimited: The Cinema of Pedro Almodóvar (London: Verso, 1994).

Vernon Kathleen M., and Barbara Morris (eds). Post-Franco, Post-modern : The films of Pedro Almodóvar (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995).

Vidal, Nuria. El cine de Pedro Almodóvar (Barcelona: Destino, 1990).

Yarza, Alejandro. Un caníbal en Madrid : la sensibilidad camp y el reciclaje de la historia en el cine de Pedro Almodóvar (Madrid: Libertarias, 1999).

¡Bienvenido Mr Marshall!

Carr, R, and J. P. Fusi Aizpurua. Spain: Dictatorship to Democracy (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979).

Evans, Peter William, Spanish Cinema: The Auteurist Tradition (Oxford, OUP, 1999).

Fontana, J. España bajo el Franquismo (Barcelona: Crítica, 1986).

Gómez Rufo, Antonio. Berlanga: confidencias de un cineasta (Madrid: Ediciones JC, 2000).

Grugel, Jeran, and Tim Rees. Franco’s Spain (London: Arnold, 1997).

Kinder, Marsha. Blood Cinema: The Reconstruction of National Identity in Spain (Berkely: UCP, 1993).

——. Refiguring Spain: Cinema, Media, Representation (Durham: Duke UP, 1997).

Marsh, Steven. Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006).

Payne, Stanley G. Franco’s Spain (London: Routledge, 1967).

——.The Franco Regime 1936-75 (Madison: University of Wisconsin press, 1987).

Perales, Francisco, Luis García Berlanga (Madrid: Cátedra, 1997).

Richardson, Nathan E. ‘Reimagining Nation in ¡Bienvenido Mr. Marshall!’ Ciberletras 10 (2003-04)[ Electronic publication at http://www.lehman.cuny.edu/ciberletras/v10/richardson.html]

Tremlett, Giles, Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through a Country’s Hidden Past (London: Faber, 2006).

Tussel, Javier. La España de Franco. (Madrid: Historia16, 1991).

General Film Studies, Film Theory, and Narrative

Carroll, Noel. Theorizing the Moving Image (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

Caughie, John. Theories of Authorship: A reader (London: Routledge, 1981).

De Lauretis, Teresa. Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film and Fiction (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989).

Hill, John, and Pamela Church Gibson. The Oxford Guide to Film Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).

Hollows, Joanne, Peter Hutchings, and Mark Jancovich. The Film Studies Reader (London: Arnold, 2000).

Kaplan, E. Ann. Women and Film: Both Sides of the Camera (London: Routledge, 1988).

Miller Toby, and Robert Stam. A Companion to Film Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999).

Porter Abbot, H. The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

Ryan, Marie-Laure. Narrative Across Media: The Languages of Storytelling (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004).

Film and Feminism

Brooksbank Jones, Anny. Women in Contemporary Spain (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997).

Cook, Pam, and Philip Dodd (eds). Women and Film: A Sight and Sound Reader (London: Scarlet Press, 1993).

Cruz, Jacqueline, and Barbara Zecchi. La mujer en la España actual: ¿evolución o involución? (Barcelona: Icaria, 2004).

Doane, Mary Ann. Femmes Fatales: Feminism, Film Theory, Psychoanalysis (New York: Routledge, 1991).

Ferrán, Ofelia, and Kathleen M. Glenn (eds). Women’s Narrative and Film in Twentieth-Century Spain: A World of Difference(s) (New York: Routledge, 2002).

Fuentes, Yvonne, and Margaret R. Parker. Leading Ladies: mujeres en la literatura hispana y en las artes (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006).

Kaplan, E. Ann. Feminism and Film (Oxford: OUP, 2000).

Martin-Márquez, Susan, Feminist Discourse and Spanish Cinema: Sight Unseen (Oxford: OUP, 1999).

Pribram, E. Deidre. Female Spectactors: Looking at Film and Television (London: Verso, 1997).

Thornham, Sue. Feminist Film Theory: A Reader. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999).

——. Passionate Detachments: An Introduction to Feminist Film Theory (London: Arnold, 1997).

National identities

Bhaba, Homi. Nation and Narration (London: Routledge, 1990).

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 2006).

Triana-Toribio, Nuria. Spanish National Cinema (London: Routledge, 2002).

Hooper, John. The New Spaniards (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2006).

Music

Las canciones de Almodóvar (includes ‘Soy infeliz’ and ‘Puro teatro’ from Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios). Available for loan from ASSL Desk Collection.

Mendelssohn, Felix. Hebrides Overture.

Schubert, Franz. Symphony No. 8 in B minor (Unfinished)

Wagner, Richard. Tristan und Isolde: Liebestod

Titles focussed on Gutiérrez Alea

Bejel, Emilio: ‘Strawberry and Chocolate: Coming Out of the Cuban Closet?’ South Atlantic Quarterly, (96:1), 1997, 65-82. [Electronic access via Voyager].

Berthier, Nancy. ‘Memories of Underdevelopment’ in 24 Frames: The Cinema of Latin America, ed. Alberto Elena and Marina Díaz López (London: Wallflower Press, 2003).

Birringer, Johannes. ‘Homosexuality and the Revolution: An Interview with Jorge Perugorria’ Cineaste, (21:1-2), 1995, 21-22. [Electronic access via Voyager].

Burton, Julianne. ‘Modernist Form in Land of Anguish and Memories of Underdevelopment’ Post Script: Essays in Film and the Humanities, (3:2), 1984 Winter, 65-84. [Electronic access via Voyager].

Campa Marcé, Carlos. Fresa y chocolate: estudio crítico (Barcelona : Ediciones Paidós, 2002).

Chanan, Michael (intro.). Memories of Underdevelopment: Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, director. Inconsolable Memories: Edmundo Desnoes (New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, 1990).

Evora, José Antonio. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea (Madrid: C tedra : Filmoteca spa ola .

Fernandez, Henry; Grossvogel, David I.; Rodriguez Monegal, Emir; Gomez, Isabel C. (translator). ‘3/on 2: Desnoes [and] Gutiérrez Alea’ Diacritics (4:4), 1974 Winter, 51-64. [Electronic access via MLA database].

Gonzalez Reynaldo. ‘ ntrevista con Tom s Gutiérrez Alea.’ [ lectronic item: follow the link from the Voyager record to a site dedicated to the director. You will find the interview under the menu on the left].

Miller, Paul B. ‘Memories of Underdevelopment Thirty Years Later: An Interview with Sergio Corrieri’ Cineaste (25:1), 1999, 20-23. [Electronic access via Voyager].

Nelson, Anitra. ‘Tom s Gutiérrez Alea ( 28- ’ Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies, (3:2), 1997 Dec, 99-107.

Santi nrico Mario. ‘Fresa y chocolate: The Rhetoric of Cuban Reconciliation’. [ lectronic item: link available from record on Voyager catalogue].

Schroeder, Paul A. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea: The dialectics of a filmmaker (New York: Routledge, 2002).

Shields, Ronald E.: ‘Acting Prima Donna Politics in Tom s Gutiérrez Alea's Strawberry and Chocolate" in More Than a Method: Trends and Traditions in Contemporary Film Performance ed. Cynthia Baron, Diane Carson, and Frank P Tomasulo,(Detroit, MI: Wayne State UP, 2004).

West, Dennis. “Strawberry and Chocolate, ice cream and tolerance: interviews with Tomas Gutierrez Alea and Juan Carlos Tabio ” Cineaste 21.n1-2 (Winter-Spring 1995). [Electronic access via Voyager].

Wilkinson, Stephen: "Behind the Screen and into the Closet: Reading Homosexuality in the Cuban Revolution through Conducta Impropia, Antes que anochezca, and Fresa y chocolate" in Discursive Practices: Spain and Latin America, ed Francisco Domínguez (Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 2000).

Cuba

Azicri, Max. Cuba: politics, economics and society (London: Pinter, 1988).

Bardach, Ann Louise. Cuba confidential: love and vengeance in Miami and Havana (New York: Random House, 2002).

Bejel, Emilio. Gay Cuban nation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).

Fernandes, Sujatha. Cuba Represent! Cuban arts, state power, and the making of new revolutionary cultures (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006).

González, Eduardo. Cuba and the Tempest: Literature and Cinema in the Time of Diaspora (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2006).

McCoy, Terry. Cuba on the Verge: An Island in Transition (Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2003).

Quiroga, Jose. Tropics of Desire: Interventions from Queer Latino America (New York: New York University Press, 2000).

Smorkaloff, Pamela María. Cuban Writers On and Off the Island: Contemporary Narrative (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1999).

Tattlin, Isadora. Cuba diaries:An American Housewife in Havana (New York: Broadway Books, 2003).

Zemon Davis, Natalie. Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Vision (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2002).

Other Films directed by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea

Guantanamera (Even the dead become caught up in the bureaucracy of paradisiacal socialism. An old romance stirs as a woman travels the length of the island. This entertaining and funny film earned the directors’ the displeasure of the Cuban cultural establishment).

Hasta cierto punto (A woman faces dilemmas when co-workers seek to involve her in union politics).

La muerte de un burócrata (The clearest example of TGA’s style as influenced by Buñuel)

Cartas desde el parque (Gutiérrez Alea’s first Cuban-Spanish co-production. Seemingly apolitical but explores some themes common to earlier/later films).

La última cena (Slavery, insurrection, and the sugar mills).

Other Documentaries from or about Cuba

British Pathé Newsreel Clips (Contemporary news footage illustrating how events in Cuba of the 50s and 60s were reported in the UK and US at the time).

Buena Vista Social Club (Half music video, half documentary, this film follows Ry Cooder’s efforts to reunite and record elderly Cuban musicians. Glimpses of contemporary Cuba in the background and illustration of the longevity of the regime).

Havana (Jana Bokova’s documentary portrait of a society divided and cowed at every level. Contributions from many well-known figures including Reinaldo Arenas).

Holidays in the Axis of Evil (A BBC reporter poses as a tourist to visit Iraq, Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Cuba).

Mariposas en el andamio (A Cuban documentary about the relationship between social workers, a building site, and transvestites).

Mauvaise Conduite (Conducta impropia/Improper Conduct) (Nestor Almendros's controversial documentary about the state persecution of homosexuals in Cuba).

PM (Cuba’s first banned film, an exploration of the seedier side of Havana nightlife, and the impetus for Castro’s infamous Words to the Intellectuals.

The Importance of Being Che (Explores the evolution and meaning of Che secular iconography).

Tuning With the Enemy (This film looks at Cuba's international relations with the West through the eyes of an altruistic American piano tuner determined to tune Cuban pianos and import working instruments to the island to replace ones damaged by the climate and wear and tear).

General Film Studies, Film Theory, and Narrative

Carroll, Noel. Theorizing the Moving Image (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

Caughie, John. Theories of Authorship: A reader (London: Routledge, 1981).

De Lauretis, Teresa. Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film and Fiction (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989).

Hill, John, and Pamela Church Gibson. The Oxford Guide to Film Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).

Hollows, Joanne, Peter Hutchings, and Mark Jancovich. The Film Studies Reader (London: Arnold, 2000).

Kaplan, E. Ann. Women and Film: Both Sides of the Camera (London: Routledge, 1988).

King, John. Magical Reels. A History of Cinema in Latin America (London: Verso, 2000).

Martin, Michael T. New Latin American Cinema. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997). [two volumes including overview of post-revolutionary Cuban cinema and English translation of TGA’s theory of spectatorship]

Miller Toby, and Robert Stam. A Companion to Film Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999).

Porter Abbot, H. The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

Ryan, Marie-Laure. Narrative Across Media: The Languages of Storytelling (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004).

GLBT Identities and Cinema

Aaron, Michele. New Queer Cinema: A Critical Reader (Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2004).

Burston, Paul, and Colin Richardson. A Queer Romance: Lesbians, Gay Men and Popular Culture (London: Routledge, 1995).

Cleto, Fabio (ed). Camp: Queer Aesthetics and the Performing Subject (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999).

Creekmuir Corey K., and Alexander Doty (eds). Out in Culture: Gay, Lesbian, and Queer Essays on Popular Culture (London: Cassell, 1995)

Doty, Alexander. Flaming Classics: Queering the Film Canon (London: Routledge, 2000).

Foster David William. ‘Queering the Patriarchy in Hermosillo’s Doña Herlinda y su hijo’ in Framing Latin American Cinema: Contemporary Critical Perspectives, ed. by Ann Marie Stock and Ambrosio Fornet (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1997).

———Queer Issues in Contemporary Latin American Cinema (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003). [Includes chapters on Fresa y chocolate, and Conducta impropia.]

Gever, Martha, Pratibha Parmar, and John Greyson (eds). Queer Looks: Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Film and Video (New York: Routledge, 1993

Lumsden, Ian. Machos, Maricones, and Gays: Cuba and Homosexuality (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).

———Homosexuality, Society, and the State in Mexico (México DF: Solediciones, 1991).

Mason, Gail. The Spectacle of Violence: Homophobia, Gender and Knowledge (London: Routledge, 2002).

Patton Cindy and enigno S nchez-Eppler.Queer Diasporas (Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press, 2000).

Russo, Vito. The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies (New York: Harper and Row, 1987).

Sontag Susan. “Notes on Camp.” (orig. published 4 . [http://interglacial.com/~sburke/pub/prose/Susan_Sontag_-_Notes_on_Camp.html]

Stacey, Jackie, and Sarah Street. Queer Screen: A Screen Reader (New York: Routledge, 2007).

Sullivan, Nikki. A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory (Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2003).

Wilchins, Riki Anne. Queer Theory, Gender Theory: An Instant Primer (Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2004).