In this module you will be introduced to the archaeology of medieval England and Wales, focussing in particular on landscapes, buildings and portable material culture. Areas to be covered include the development of the medieval settlement pattern, the impact of the 14th century crises on medieval communities, medieval religion and the archaeology of social identity.

By the end of the module you should have a broad knowledge of the following aspects:

a)        Describe some of the key points in the development of medieval archaeology and assess their influence on our understanding of the period.

b)         Use a diverse range of sources to explain how rural and urban landscapes developed through the medieval period and evaluate how communities responded to pressures such as population growth, plague and environmental change.

c)         Describe some of the key events which took place in the medieval period.

d)         Explain how regions of Britain developed distinctive characters and demonstrate awareness of the range of factors which influenced this development.

e)         Evaluate the most appropriate techniques for interpreting medieval sites.

f)          Participate knowledgeably in key debates, for example in relation to the nature of towns and the function of castles.

g)        Explain how archaeological evidence can contribute to debates over the commercialisation of the economy in the medieval period.

h)         Evaluate the comparative strengths and weaknesses of historical evidence and archaeological evidence in understanding the medieval period.

i)          Demonstrate understanding of architectural developments and the relationship between architecture and identities of gender, religion and status.

j)          Discuss how individual and communal identities were negotiated through interactions with material culture, the landscape and the built environment.

k)         Demonstrate awareness of the influence of the medieval past in contemporary society..

Twenty 50 minute workshop/lecture sessions, supported with guided non-contact activities.

Skills that will be Practiced and Developed

Utilisation of various information resources to undertake personal research..

Presentation skills.

Team working skills

Communication skills..

Utilising evidence to produce well founded arguments.

The course is assessed through a mixture of continuous assessment and an examination. In the current session this will be divided between

a) Poster/Learning Resouce - 20% - 800 words - Due 3pm, 29th November.;

b)Group Presentation - 20% - Due week 11 of semester 2..

c) Essay - 60% - 2500 words - Due 3pm, 2nd May.

Medieval rural and urban settlement - including town foundation, village nucleation, researching rural settlements, shrinkage and desertion (weeks 1-7)

Domestic and elite architecture - houses, castles, palaces, understanding domestic spaces, buildings and identity (weeks 8-12)

Religion - Religious houses, the church and popular devotion, death and burial (weeks 13-15)

Economy - rural and urban economy, production and exchange (weeks 16-19)

Identity - gender, age, objects and identity (weeks 20-21).

Representing the Middle Ages - Group presentations (week 22).

Essential Reading

General Works on Medieval Archaeology

Gerrard, C. 2003. Medieval Archaeology: Understanding Traditions and Contemporary Approaches. London: Routledge. (A useful overview of the development of the study of medieval archaeology).

Gilchrist, R. 2012.. Medieval Life: Archaeology and the Life Course. Woodbridge: Boydell. [e-book available] (A recent study concerned with issues such as gender, childhood, religion and identity)

Hinton, D.A.  1990. Archaeology, Economy and Society: England from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Century. Seaby: London. (A comprehensive overview of the archaeology of medieval England).

Platt, C. 1978. Medieval England. RKP: London. (A comprehensive study of medieval England from both historical and archaeological perspectives).

Historical Background

Dyer, C. 1994. Everyday Life in Medieval England. Hambledon: London.

Rural Settlement

Christie, N. and Stamper, P. (eds.). 2012. Medieval Rural Settlement: Britain and Ireland, AD 800–1600. Oxford: Windgather. (This book has particularly useful regional summaries).

Jones, R. 2010. The village and the butterfly: Nucleation out of chaos and complexity. Landscapes 11(1), 25-46.

Jones, R. and Page, M. 2006. Medieval Villages in an English Landscape: Beginnings and Ends. Macclesfield: Windgather. (Uses the Whittlewood project as a case study).

Roberts, B. and Wrathmell, S. 2002. Region and Place: A study of English Rural Settlement. London: English Heritage.

Urban Settlement

Dyer, C. 2003. The Archaeology of Medieval Small Towns. Medieval Archaeology 47, 85-114.

Lilley, K. 2002. Urban Life in the Middle Ages, 1000-1450. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Schofield, J. and Vince, A. 2003. Medieval Towns: The Archaeology of British Towns in their European Setting. London: Equinox.

Agriculture

Astill, G. and Grant, A. 1988. The Countryside of Medieval England. Oxford: Blackwell.

Economy and Material Culture

Hinton, D. 2005. Gold and Gilt, Pots and Pins. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Domestic Architecture

Grenville, J. 1997. Medieval Housing. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Elite Architecture & Landscapes

Creighton, O. 2002. Castles and Landscapes. Continuum: London–New York.

*Creighton, O. and Liddiard, R. 2008. Fighting yesterday’s battle: Beyond war or status in castle studies. Medieval Archaeology 52, 161-69.

Creighton, O. 2009. Designs upon the Land: Elite Landscapes of the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: Boydell.

James, T.B. (1990). The Palaces of Medieval England, c.1050-1550. London: Seaby.

*Platt, C. 2007, ‘Revisionism in castle studies: A caution’, Medieval Archaeology 51, 83-102.

The Church & Religion

Gilchrist, R. 2014. Monastic and church archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 43, 235-50.

Rodwell, W. 2005. The Archaeology of Churches. Stroud: Tempus: Stroud.

Note that this is a revised edition of The Archaeology of the English Church (1981), which was reprinted as Church Archaeology. English Heritage/Batsford: London (1989).

Religious Houses

Aston, M. 1993. Monasteries. London: Batsford

Note: Republished with new illustrations and minor revision as Monasteries in the Landscape, Tempus: Stroud (2000).

Greene, J.P. 1992. Medieval Monasteries. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Identity

Gilchrist, R. 1999. Gender and Archaeology: Contesting the Past. London: Routledge.

Death and Burial

Binski, P. 1996. Medieval Death: Ritual and Representation. London: British Museum.

Daniell, C. 1997. Death and Burial in Medieval England, 1066-1550. London: Routledge.

Medieval People

Kowaleski, M. 2014. Medieval people in town and country: New perspectives from demography and bioarchaeology, Speculum 89(3), 573-600.

Representing the Middle Ages

Hall, M. 2012. Making the past present: Cinematic narratives of the Middle Ages. In R. Gilchrist and A. Reynolds (eds.). Reflections: 50 Years of Medieval Archaeology, 1957-2007. Leeds: Maney, 489-512.

Background Reading

NOTE: SITE REPORTS ARE IN A SEPARATE LIST ON LEARNING CENTRAL

General Works on Medieval Archaeology

Clarke, H. 1984. The Archaeology of Medieval England. London: British Museum. (A little outdated, but contains some useful basic information).

Gilchrist, R. and Reynolds, A. (eds.). 2009. Reflections: 50 years of Medieval Archaeology. Leeds: Maney. (Contains chapters by leading scholars reviewing developments in many areas of medieval archaeology).

Giles, K. and Dyer, C. (eds.). 2005. Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney (Contains chapters on a range of issues from urban and rural perspectives).

Steane, J.M. 1984. The Archaeology of Medieval England and Wales, Croom Helm: Beckenham.

Historical Background

Dyer, C. 1989. Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Horrox, R. and Ormrod, W. (eds.). 2006. A Social History of England, 1200-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Contains review chapters on a range of topics).

Rural Settlement

General Works

Aston, M., Austin, D. and Dyer, C. (eds.). 1989. The Rural Settlements of Medieval England. Oxford: Blackwell.

Hooke, D. (ed.). 1985. Medieval Villages: A Review of Current Work. Oxford: Oxford Committee for Archaeology.

Hoskins, W.G. 1955. The Making of the English Landscape. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Rippon, S. 2008. Beyond the Medieval Village: The Diversification of Landscape Character in Southern Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Williamson, T. 2004. Shaping Medieval Landscapes: Settlement, Society, Environment. Macclesfield: Windgather Press.

Wrathmell, S. 1994.. Rural settlements in Medieval England: Perspectives and perceptions. In B. Vyner (ed.) Building on the Past. London: Royal Archaeological Institute: London, 178-194.

Village Desertion and Shrinkage

Beresford, M., and Hurst, J. 1971. Deserted Medieval Villages. Lutterworth: London.

Dyer, C. and Jones, R. 2010. Deserted Medieval Villages Revisited. Hertford: University of Hertfordshire Press.

Lewis, C. 2016, Disaster recovery: New archaeological evidence for the long-term impact of the ‘calamitous’ fourteenth-century. Antiquity 90(351), 777-97.

Approaches to Studying Rural Settlements

Jones, R. 2014, Familiar ground and pastures new: On-going debates over the origins and development of medieval settlements in the English midlands. Landscapes 15(2), 165-71.

Lewis, C. 2007. New avenues for the investigation of currently occupied medieval rural settlement: Preliminary observations from the Higher Education Field Academy. Medieval Archaeology 51, 133-63.

Rippon, S. 2012, Understanding medieval settlements and landscapes: The state of the art. Landscapes, 13(2), 87-91.

Roberts, B. 1972. Village plans in County Durham: A preliminary statement. Medieval Archaeology 16, 33-56.

Regional Settlement Patterns

Aston, M. and Gerrard, C. 2013. Interpreting the English Village: Landscape and community at Shapwick, Glastonbury. Macclesfield: Windgather Press.

Austin, D. and Thomas, J. 1990. The ‘proper study’ of medieval archaeology: A case study. In D. Austin and L. Alcock (eds.). From the Baltic to the Black Sea. Studies in Medieval Archaeology. London: Unwin and Hayman, 43-78.

See also response: Beresford, G. 1988. Three deserted medieval settlements on Dartmoor: A comment on David Austin’s reinterpretations. Medieval Archaeology 32, 175-83.

Dyer, C. 1990. Dispersed settlements in medieval England. A case study of Pendock, Worcestershire. Medieval Archaeology 34, 97-121.

Lewis, C., Dyer, C. and Mitchell-Fox, P. 1996. Village, Hamlet and Field: Changing Medieval Settlements in Central England. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Rippon, S., Fyfe, R. and Brown, A. 2006. Beyond villages and open fields: The origins and development of a historic landscape characterised by dispersed settlement in south-west England. Medieval Archaeology 50, 31-70.

Roberts, B. 2008, Landscapes, Documents and Maps: Villages in Northern England and Beyond, AD900-1250. Oxbow.

Sheppard, J. 1976. Medieval village planning in northern England: Some evidence from Yorkshire. Journal of Historical Geography 2(1), 3-20.

Williamson, T., Liddiard, R. and Partida, T. 2013. Champion: The Making and Unmaking of the English Midland Landscape, Liverpool University Press.

Urban Settlement

General Overviews

Astill, G. 2009. Archaeology and Towns. In R. Gilchrist and A. Reynolds (eds.). Reflections: 50 Years of Medieval Archaeology, 1957-2007. Leeds: Maney,, 255-70.

Aston, M. and Bond, J. 1976). The Landscape of Towns. London: Dent.

Dyer, C. 2002. Small places with large consequences: The importance of small towns in England, 1000-1540. Historical Research 75, 1-24.

Hindle, B.P. 1990. Medieval Town Plans. Princes Risborough: Shire Archaeology

Palliser, D. (ed). 2000. The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Vol. 1, 600-1540. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Platt, C. (1976). The English Medieval Town. Secker and Warburg: London.

Schofield, J. and Leech, R. (eds.). 1987. Urban Archaeology in Britain. London: CBA Research Report.

Soulsby, I. 1983. The Towns of Medieval Wales. Chichester: Phillimore:

Town Foundation & New Towns

Beresford, M. 1959. The six new towns of the Bishops of Winchester, 1200-55. Medieval Archaeology 3, 187-215.

Beresford, M. 1967. New Towns of the Middle Ages: Town Plantation in England, Wales and Gascony. London: Lutterworth.

Jervis, B. 2016. Assemblage Theory and Town Foundation in Medieval England. Cambridge Archaeological Journal (Online first).

Lilley, K. 2000. ‘Non urbe, non visco, non castris’: Territorial control and the colonization and urbanization of Wales and Ireland under Anglo-Norman lordship. Journal of Historical Geography 26(4), 517-31.

Lilley, K. 2020. Urban planning and the design of towns in the middle ages: The Earls of Devon and their ‘new towns’. Planning Perspectives 16, 1-24.

Lilley., K., Lloyd, C. and Trick, S. 2007. Designs and designers of medieval ‘new towns’ in Wales. Antiquity 81(312), 279-93.

Slater, T. 2005. Plan characteristics of small boroughs and market settlements: Evidence from the Midlands. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney, 23-42.

Urban Decline

Astill, G.  2000. Archaeology and the late-medieval urban decline. In T. Slater (ed.) Towns in Decline, AD100-1600, Aldershot: Ashgate, 214-34.

Goddard, R. 2011. Small boroughs and the manorial economy: Enterprise zones of urban failures? Past and Present 210, 3-31.

Jervis, B. 2015. Assessing urban fortunes in six late medieval ports: An archaeological application of assemblage theory. Urban History (online first).

Lilley, K. 2000. Decline of decay? Urban landscapes in late medieval England. In T. Slater (ed.). Towns in Decline, AD100-1600, Aldershot: Ashgate, 235-65.

Lilley, K. 2015. Urban planning after the Black Death: Townscape transformation in medieval England (1350-1550). Urban History 42, 22-42.

Approaches to Urban Archaeology

Carver, M. 1987. Underneath English Towns: Interpreting Urban Archaeology. London: Batsford.

Christopherson, A. 2015, ‘Performing towns. Steps towards an understanding of medieval urban communities as social practice’, Archaeological Dialogues 22(2), 109-32.

Lilley, K. 2000. Mapping the medieval city: plan analysis and urban history. Urban History 27(1), 5-30.

Town Defences

Creighton, O. and Higham, R. 2005. Medieval Town Walls: An Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence. Stroud: Tempus.

Turner, H.L. 1971. Town Defences in England and Wales: An Architectural and Documentary Study AD 900-1500. London: John Baker.

Urban Health

Grauer, A. and Roberts, C. 1996. Palaeoepidemilogy, healing and possible treatment of trauma in the medieval cemetery population of St. Helen-on-the-Walls, York, England. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 100, 531-44.

Radini, A. Nikita, E. and Shillito, LM. 2016. Human dental calculus and a medieval urban environment. In B. Jervis, L. Broderick and I Grau-Sologestoa (eds.). Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe. Tourhout: Brepols, 297-313.

Agriculture

Overviews

Campbell, B. 2000. English Seigniorial Agriculture, 1250-1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Detailed analysis of historical documents – provides a good background for understanding archaeological evidence).

Gardner, M. and Rippon S. (eds.). 2007. Medieval Landscapes. Macclesfield: Windgather.

Miller, E., and Hatcher, J. 1978. Medieval England: Rural Society and Economic Change 1086-1348. London: Longman.

Rippon, S., Wainwright, A. and Smart, C. 2014, Farming regions in medieval England: The archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence. Medieval Archaeology 58, 195-255.

Schreg, R. 2013, Ecological approaches in medieval rural archaeology. European Journal of Archaeology 17(1), 83-119.

Turner, S. 2006, Medieval Devon and Cornwall: Shaping an Ancient Countryside. Macclesfield: Windgather Press.

Turner, S. and Silvester, R. (eds.). 2012. Life in Medieval Landscapes: People and Places in the Middle Ages. Papers in memory of H.S.A. Fox. Macclesfield: Windgather Press.

Woolgar, C., Serjeantson, D. and Waldren, T. 2006. Food in Medieval England: Diet and Nutrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pastoral Husbandry

Albarella, U. 1999. The mystery of husbandry: Medieval animals and the problem of integrating historical and archaeological evidence. Antiquity 73(282), 867-75.

Albarella U. 2005. Meat consumption and production in town and country. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.). Town and Country in the Middle Ages: Contrasts, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500, Leeds: Maney, 131-148.

Crabtree, P. 2016. Zooarchaeology at medieval Ipswich: From wic to regional market town. In B. Jervis, L. Broderick and I Grau-Sologestoa (eds.). Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe. Tourhout: Brepols, 19-40.

Edgeworth, M. 2008. Linking urban townscape with rural landscape: Evidence of animal transhumance in the River Ivel valley, Bedfordshire. Medieval Settlement Research 23, 22-7.

Hamilton, J. and Thomas, R. 2012. Pannage, pulses and pigs: Isotopic and zooarchaeological evidence for changing pig management practices in later medieval England. Medieval Archaeology 56, 234-59.

Sykes, N. 2004. The dynamics of status symbols: Wildfowl exploitation in England, AD410-1550. The Archaeological Journal 161, 82-105.

Arable Agriculture

Hall, D. 1982. Medieval Fields. Shire

Jones, R. 2004. Signatures in the soil: The use of pottery in manure scatters in the identification of medieval farming regimes. The Archaeological Journal 161, 159-88.

Fleming, A. and Ralph, N. 1982. Medieval settlement and land use on Holne Moor, Dartmoor: The landscape evidence. Medieval Archaeology 26, 101-37.

Taylor, C.C. 1975. Fields in the English Landscape. London: Dent

Van der Veen, M., Hill, A. and Livarda, A. 2013. The archaeobotany of medieval Britain (AD450-1500): Identifying research priorities for the 21^st century. Medieval Archaeology 57, 151-82.

Williamson, T. 2016. The ancient origins of medieval fields: A Reassessment. The Archaeological Journal (online first).

Dealing With Environmental Issues

Curtis, D. 2014. Coping with Crisis: The Resilience and Vulnerability of Pre-industrial Settlements. Aldershot: Ashgate. (Uses historical evidence to discuss European case studies, including East Anglia).

Eddison, J, Gardiner, M. and Long, A. (eds.). 1998. Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology. (A useful case study).

Galloway, J. 2015. London and the Thames estuary in the later middle ages: Economic and environmental change. In A. Wilkin, J. Naylor, D. Keene and A. Bijsterveld (eds.). Town and Country in Medieval North Western Europe. Dynamic Interactions. Tourhout: Brepols, 119-44.

Rippon, S. 2004. Making the most of a bad situation? Glastonbury Abbey, Meare, and the medieval exploitation of wetland resources in the Somerset Levels. Medieval Archaeology 48, 91-130.

Managing Monastic Estates

Fleming, A. and Barker, L. 2008, Monks and local communities: The late medieval landscape of Troed y Rhiw, Caron Uwch Clawdd Ceredigion. Medieval Archaeology 52, 261-90.

Fox, A. 1958. A monastic farmstead on Dean Moor, S. Devon. Medieval Archaeology 2, 141-57.

Hare, J. 2006. The Bishop and the Prior: Demesne agriculture in medieval Hampshire. Agricultural History Review 54(2), 187-212.

Platt, C. 1969. The Monastic Grange in Medieval England. London: Fordham University Press.

Menuge, N. 2000. The foundation myth: Some Yorkshire monasteries and the landscape agenda. Landscapes 1, 22-37.

Sayer, D. 2009. Medieval waterways and hydraulic economics: Monasteries, towns and the East Anglian Fen. World Archaeology, 41, 134-50.

Skeletal Evidence of Agricultural Labour

Judd, M. and Roberts, S. 1999. Fracture trauma in a medieval farming village. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 109, 229-43.

Mays, S. 2006. Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis and limb-sacral morphology in a medieval English skeletal population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131(3), 352-62.

Economy and Material Culture

General Overviews

Blair, J., and Ramsey, N. (eds.). 1991. English Medieval Industries. London: Hambledon Press.

Britnell, R. 1996. The Commercialisation of English Society 1000-1500. Manchester Manchester University Press.

Courtenay, P. 1997. Ceramics and the history of consumption: Pifalls and prospects. Medieval Ceramics 21, 95-108.

Crossley, D.W. (ed.). 1981. Medieval Industry. London: CBA Research Report, 40: London.

Dyer, C. 1989. The consumer and the market in the Later Middle Ages. Economic History Review 42, 305-26.

Dyer, C. 1992. The hidden trade of the Middle Ages: Evidence from the West Midlands. Journal of Historical Geography 18, 141-57.

Field, R. 1965, Worcestershire peasant buildings, household goods and farming equipment in the later middle ages. Medieval Archaeology 9, 105-45.

Gaimster, D. 2014. The Hanseatic cultural signature: Exploring globalization on the micro-scale in late medieval northern Europe. European Journal of Archaeology 17(1), 60-81.

Galloway, J. 2005. Urban hinterlands in later medieval England. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney, 111-30.

Jervis, B., Briggs, C. and Tompkins, M. 2015. Exploring text and objects: Escheators’ inventories and material culture in medieval England. Medieval Archaeology 59, 68-92.

Johnson, M. 1996. An Archaeology of Capitalism. Oxford: Blackwell.

Orton, D., Morris, J., Locker, A. and Barrett, J. 2014. Fish for the city: Meta-analysis of archaeological cod remains and the growth of London’s northern trade. Antiquity 88(340), 516-30.

Pottery

Allan, J. 1994. Imported pottery in south-west England, c1350-1550. Medieval Ceramics 18, 45-50.

Blackmore, L. 1994. Pottery, the port and the populace: The imported pottery of London 1300-1600 (part 1). Medieval Ceramics 18, 29-44.

Blinkhorn, P. 1999. The trials of being a utensil: Pottery function at the medieval hamlet of West Cotton, Northamptonshire. Medieval Ceramics 22-3, 37-46.

Brown, D. 1988. Pottery and Archaeology. Medieval Ceramics 12, 15-22.

Brown, D. 1997. Pots from houses. Medieval Ceramics, 21, 83-94.

Bryant, V. 2004. Death and desire. Factors affecting the consumption of pottery in medieval Worcestershire. Medieval Ceramics 28, 117-24.

Davey, P. 1988, ‘Theory and practise in medieval ceramic studies’, Medieval Ceramics 12, 3-14.

Jervis, B. 2014, Pottery and Social Life in Medieval England: Towards a Relational Approach. Oxford: Oxbow.

McCarthy, M.R. and Brooks, C. 1988. Medieval Pottery in Britain A.D. 900-1600. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Mellor, M. (2005). Making and using pottery in town and country. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney, 149-64.

Metal Objects

Egan, G. 1997. Medieval vessels of other materials – a non ceramic view. Medieval Ceramics 12, 109-14.

Egan, G. 2005. Urban and rural finds: material culture of country and town c. 1050-1500. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney, 197-210.

Egan, G. 2012. Material concerns: Non-ceramic finds c1050-1500. In R. Gilchrist and A. Reynolds (eds.). Reflections: 50 Years of Medieval Archaeology, 1957-2007. Leeds: Maney, 289-305.

Goodall, I. 2012, Ironwork in Medieval Britain: An Archaeological Study, Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph 31.

Lewis, M. 2016. Mounts for furnishings, padlocks and candleholders: Understanding the urbanization of medieval England through metal small finds recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme. In B. Jervis, L. Broderick and I Grau-Sologestoa (eds.). Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe. Tourhout: Brepols, 157-88.

Standley, E. 2013. Trinkets and Charms. The Use, Meaning and Significance of Dress Accessories 1300-1700. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology.

Williamsen, A. 2012. ‘Man is a sack of mud girded with silver’: Metal decoration on late medieval leather belts and purses from the Netherlands. Medieval Archaeology 56, 171-202.  (Although about Dutch examples provides some useful insights and ideas).

Finds from Towns

Biddle, M. 1991. Object and Economy in Medieval Winchester. Artefacts from Medieval Winchester. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brown, D. 2002. Pottery in Medieval Southampton c.1066-1510. York: Council for British Archaeology.

Egan, G. 1998. The Medieval Household: Daily Living c. 1150-c. 1450. London: HMSO.

Egan, G. and Pritchard, F. 1991. Dress Accessories, c.1150-c.1450. London: HMSO.

Grew, F. and de Neergaard, M. 1988. Shoes and Pattens. London: HMSO.

Jennings, S. 1981. Eighteen Centuries of Pottery from Norwich. Norwich: East Anglian Archaeology Report.

Mainman, A. and Jenner, A. 2013. Medieval Pottery from York. York: York Archaeological Trust.

Margeson, S. 1993. Norwich Households: The Medieval and Post-Medieval Finds from Norwich Survey Excavations, 1971-1978. Norwich: East Anglian Archaeology Report 58.

Morris, C. 2000. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life. Wood and Wood-Working in Anglo-Scandinavian and Medieval York. York: York Archaeological Trust.

Mould, Q., Carlisle, I. and Cameron, E. 2003. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life. Leather and Leather-Working in Anglo-Scandinavian and Medieval York. York: Council for British Archaeology.

Ottaway, P. and Rogers, N. 2002. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life. Finds from Medieval York. York: York Archaeological Trust.

Saunders, P. and Algar, D. (eds.). 2001. Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue. Part 3. Salisbury: Salisbury Museum

Saunders, P., Saunders, E. and Blunt, C. (eds.). 1991. Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue. Part 1. Salisbury: Salisbury Museum.

Vince, A. 1985. The Saxon and medieval pottery of London: A review. Medieval Archaeology 29, 25-93.

Domestic Architecture

Gardiner, M. 2007. Buttery and pantry and their antecendants: Idea and architecture in the English medieval house. In M. Kowaleski and P. Goldberg (eds.). Medieval Domesticity. Home, Housing and Household in Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 37-65.

Grenville, J. 2007. Urban and rural houses and households in the late Middle Ages: A case study from Yorkshire. In M. Kowaleski and P. Goldberg (eds.). Medieval Domesticity. Home, Housing and Household in Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 92-123.

Pearson, S. 2005. Rural and urban houses 1100-1500: ‘Urban adaptation’ reconsidered. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.). In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney, 40-60.

Rural Houses

Alcock, N., Miles, D. and Trench, JC. 2013. The Medieval Peasant House in Midland England. Oxford: Oxbow.

Dyer, C. 1986. English peasant buildings in the later middle ages. Medieval Archaeology 30, 19-45.

Dyer, C. 2013. Living in peasant houses in late medieval England. Vernacular Architecture 44, 19-27.

Gardiner, M. 2000. Vernacular buildings and the development of the later medieval domestic plan in England. Medieval Archaeology 44, 159-80.

Gardiner, M. 2014. An archaeological approach to the development of the late medieval peasant house. Vernacular Architecture 45, 16-28.

Johnson, M. 1993. Housing Culture. Traditional Architecture in an English Landscape. London: UCL Press.

Suggett, R. 2013. Peasant houses and identity in medieval Wales. Vernacular Architecture 44, 6-18.

Urban Houses

Faulkner, P. 1966. Medieval undercrofts and town houses. The Archaeological Journal 123, 120-35.

King, C. 2009. The interpretation of urban buildings: Power, memory and appropriation in Norwich merchants’ houses c.1400-1660. World Archaeology 41(3), 471-88.

Pantin, W.A. 1962-3. Medieval English town-house plans. Medieval Archaeology 6-7, 202-39.

Pearson, S. 2009. Medieval houses in English towns: Form and location. Vernacular Architecture 40, 1-22.

Quiney, A. 2003. Townhouses of Medieval Britain. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Rees Jones, S. 2007. Building domesticity in the city. English urban housing before the Black Death. In M. Kowaleski and P. Goldberg (eds.). Medieval Domesticity. Home, Housing and Household in Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 66-91.

Schofield, J. 1994. Social perceptions of space in Medieval and Tudor London houses. In M. Locock (ed.). Meaningful Architecture: Social Interpretations of Buildings. Aldershot : Avebury . 188-206.

Approaches to Domestic Architecture

Clark, D. 2013. The medieval peasant house – towards a new paradigm? Vernacular Architecture 44, 1-5.

Dyer, C. 1997. History and vernacular architecture. Vernacular Architecture 28, 1-8.

Fairclough, G. 1992. Meaningful constructions – spatial and functional analysis of medieval buildings. Antiquity 66(251), 348-66.

Faulkner, P. 1958. Domestic planning from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. The Archaeological Journal 115, 150-83.

Johnson, M. 1997. Vernacular architecture: the loss of innocence. Vernacular Architecture 28, 13-19.

Richardson, A. 2003. Corridors of power: A case study in access analysis from medieval England. Antiquity 77(296), 373-84.

Elite Architecture & Landscapes

Castles

Brown, R.A. 1976. English Castles, 3^rd edition. London: Batsford

Faulkner, P. 1963. Castle planning in the fourteenth century. The Archaeological Journal 120, 215-35.

Goodall, J. 2011. The English Castle, 1066–1650. New Haven–London: Yale University Press.

Higham, R. 2010. Castle studies in transition: A forty-year reflection. The Archaeological Journal 167, 1-13.

Higham R. and Barker, P. 2004. Timber Castles. London: Batsford.

Johnson, M. 2002. Behind the Castle Gate: From Medieval to Renaissance. London: Routledge.

Kenyon, J. 1990. Medieval Fortifications. Leicester: Leicester University Press (Reprinted London: Continuum, 2005).

Kenyon, J. 2010. The Medieval Castles of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

McNeill, T. 1992. Castles. London: English Heritage/Batsford.

Mercer, D. 2006. The trouble with paradigms. A historiographical study on the development of ideas in the discipline of castle studies. Archaeological Dialogues 13(1), 93-109.

Liddiard, R. 2003. Anglo-Norman Castles. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Liddiard, R. 2005. Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape 1066-1500. Macclesfield: Windgather Press.

Pounds, N.J.G. 1990. The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Saunders, A.D. 1989. Fortress Britain: Artillery Fortification in the British Isles and Ireland. Liphook: Beaufort.

The Status or Defence Debate

Coulson, C. 1982, Hierarchism in convential crenulation. An essay in the sociology and metaphysics of medieval fortification. Medieval Archaeology 26, 69-100.

Fradley, M. 2001. Space and structure at Caernafon castle. Medieval Archaeology 50, 65-78.

Hulme, R. 2010. Revisionism in castle studies: The unresolved issue of castles and war. Castle Studies Group Journal 23, 220–31.

Jamieson, E. and Lane, R. 2015. Monuments, mobility and medieval perceptions of designed landscapes: The Pleasance, Kenilworth Castle. Medieval Archaeology 59, 255-71.

Platt, C. 2008. Understanding licences to crenellate. Castle Studies Group Journal 21, 203–7

Swallow, R. 2014. Gateways to power: The castles of Ranulf III of Chester and Llewlyn the Great of Gwynedd. The Archaeological Journal 171, 289-311.

Turner, D.J. 1986. Bodiam Castle: True Castle or Old Soldier’s Dream House. In W. Ormrod (ed.). England in the Fourteenth Century. Woodbridge: Boydell, 267–77.

Palaces

Cherry, J. and Stratford, N. 1995. Westminster Kings and the Medieval Palace of Westminster. London: British Museum Occasional Paper, 15.

James, T.B. and Rodgerson, A. 1988. Clarendon Palace. London: Reports of the Research Committee of the Soc. of Antiquaries of London, 45.

James, T.B. and Gerrard, C.M. 2007. Clarendon: Landscape of Kings. Macclesfield: Windgather.

Keevill, G. 2000. Medieval Palaces: An Archaeology. Stroud: Tempus.

Richardson, A. 2003. Gender and space in English royal palaces c.1160–c.1547: A study in access analysis and imagery. Medieval Archaeology 47, 131–165.

Richardson, A. 2005. The Forest, Park and Palace at Clarendon, c.1200–c.1650: Reconstructing an Actual, Conceptual and Documented Wiltshire Landscape. Oxford: BAR.

Steane, J. 1993. The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy. London: Batsford.

Thurley, S. 2003. Hampton Court: A Social and Architectural History. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Manors, Moated Sites and Other High Status Houses

Currie, C., Rushton, N. and Allan, J. 2004. Dartington Hall and the development of the double-courtyard design in English late medieval high-status houses. The Archaeological Journal 161, 189-210.

Emery, A. 2005. Late-medieval houses as an expression of social status. Historical Research 78(200), 140-61.

Emery, A. 2007. Dartington Hall: A mirror of the nobility in late medieval Devon. The Archaeological Journal 164, 227-48.

Johnson, D. 2015. Moated sites and the production of authority in the eastern Weald of England. Medieval Archaeology 59, 233-54.

King, C. 2003. The organization of social space in late medieval manor houses: An East Anglian study. The Archaeological Journal 160, 104-24.

Platt, C. 2010. The homestead moat: Security or status? The Archaeological Journal 167, 115-33.

Parks

Liddiard, R. 2007. The Medieval Park: New Perspectives. Macclesfield: Windgather.

Mileson, S.A.  2009. Parks in Medieval England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Taylor, C. 2000. Medieval ornamental landscapes. Landscapes 1, 38-55.

The Church & Religion

Gaimster, D. and Gilchrist, R. 2003. The Archaeology of Reformation, 1480-1580. Leeds: Maney.

Churches and Cathedrals

Addyman, P. and Morris, R. (eds.). 1976. The Archaeological Study of Churches. London: CBA Research Report.

Hayman, R. 2007. A Concise Guide to the Parish Church. Stroud: Tempus.

Morris, R. 1979. Cathedrals and Abbeys of England and Wales. London: Dent.

Morris, R. 1988. Churches in the Landscape. London: John Dent.

Platt, C. 1995. The Parish Churches of Medieval England. London: Chancellor Press.

Roffey, S. 2006. Constructing a vision of salvation: Chantries and the social dimension of religious experience in the medieval parish church. The Archaeological Journal 163, 122-46.

Roffey, S. 2007. The Medieval Chantry Chapel: An Introduction. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Tatton-Brown, T. and Munby, J. (eds.). 1996. The Archaeology of Cathedrals. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology.

Rosewell, R. 2008. Medieval Wall Paintings in English and Welsh Churches. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Objects and Devotion

Anderson, W. 2010. Blessing the fields? A study of late medieval ampullae from England and Wales. Medieval Archaeology 54, 180-203.

Gilchrist, R. 2008. Magic for the dead? The archaeology magic in later medieval burials. Medieval Archaeology 52, 119-59.

Hall, M. 2011. The cult of saints in medieval Perth: Everyday ritual and the materiality of belief. Journal of Material Culture,16(1), 80-104.

Hall, M. 2012. Money isn’t everything: The cultural life of coins in the medieval burgh of Perth Scotland. Journal of Social Archaeology 12(1), 72-91.

Spencer, B. 1990. Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue. Part 2: Pilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges. Salisbury: Salisbury Museum.

Spencer, B. 2010. Pilgrim Souvenirs and Secular Badges. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Religious Houses

Overview Works

Coppack, G. 1990. Abbeys and Priories. London: English Heritage/Batsford.

Dickinson, J.C. 1961. Monastic Life in Medieval England. London: Black.

Gilchrist, R. and Mytum, H. (eds.). 1989. The Archaeology of Rural Monasteries, OxfordL BAR Brit. Series. 203.

Gilchrist, R. and Mytum, H. (eds.). 1993. Advances in Monastic Archaeology. Oxford: BAR Brit. Series 227.

Keevil, G., Aston, M. and Hall, T. (eds.). 2001. Monastic Archaeology in Britain: Papers on the Study of Medieval Monasteries. Oxford: Oxbow.

McAleavy, T. 1996. Life in a Medieval Abbey. London: English Heritage.

Platt, C. 1984. The Abbeys & Priories of Medieval England. London: Secker & Warburg.

Robinson, D. (ed.). 1998. The Cistercian Abbeys of Britain. London: Batsford.

Social Approaches

Gilchrist, R. 1994. Gender and Material Culture: The Archaeology of Religious Women. London: Routledge.

Gilchrist, R. 1995. Contemplation and Action: The Other Monasticism. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Hospitals

Roffey, S. 2012. Medieval leper hospitals in England: An archaeological perspective. Medieval Archaeology 56, 202-33.

Prescott, E. 1992. The English Medieval Hospital 1050-1640. London: Seaby.

Price, R. and Ponsford, M. 1998. St Bartholemew’s Hospital, Bristol: The Excavation of a Medieval Hospital: 1976-8. York: CBA Research Report, 110.

Rawcliffe, C. 2005. The earthly and spiritual topography of suburban hospitals. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney 251–74.

Thomas, C., Sloane, B. and Philpotts, C. 1997. Excavations at the Priory and Hospital of St. Mary Spital, London. London: MOLAS Monograph, 1.

Identity

Giles, K. 2000. An Archaeology of Social Identity. Guildhalls in York c.1350-1630. Oxford: BAR Brit. Ser. 315.

Hinton, D. 2012. Medieval Identity Issues. In R. Gilchrist and A. Reynolds (eds.). Reflections: 50 Years of Medieval Archaeology, 1957-2007. Leeds: Maney, 453-64.

Gender

Gilchrist, R. 2009. Rethinking later medieval masculinity: The male body in death. In D. Sayer and H. Williams (eds.). Mortuary Practices and Social Identities in the Middle Ages. Essays in Burial Archaeology in Honour of Heinrich Harke. Exeter: Exeter University Press, 236-52. (Uses burial monuments to discuss masculinity).

Hadley, D. 1999. Masculinity in Medieval Europe. London: Longman.

Shapland, F., Lewis, M. and Watts, R. 2015. The lives and deaths of young medieval women: The osteological evidence. Medieval Archaeology 59, 272-89.

Standley, E. 2008, ‘Ladies hunting: A late medieval decorated mirror case from Shapwick, Somerset’, The Antiquaries Journal 88, 198-206.

Childhood and the Lifecourse

Hadley, D. and Hemer, K. (eds.). 2014. Medieval Childhood: Archaeological Approaches. Oxford: Oxbow.

Penny-Mason, B. and Gowland, R. 2014. The children of the Reformation: Childhood palaeoepidmielogy in Britain, AD 1000-1700. Medieval Archaeology 58, 162-94.

Social Status

Smith, S. 2009. Towards a social archaeology of the medieval peasantry: Power and resistance at Wharram Percy. Journal of Social Archaeology 9(3), 391-416.

Smith, S. 2009. Materializing resistant identities among the medieval English peasantry: An examination of dress accessories from English rural settlement sites. Journal of Material Culture 14(3), 309-332.

Sykes, N. 2007. Taking sides: The social life of venison in medieval England. In A. Pluskowski (ed.). Breaking and Shaping Beastly Bodies. Animals as Material Culture in the Middle Ages. Oxford; Oxbow, 149-60.

Death and Burial

Burial Practices

Bassett, S. (ed.). 1992. Death in Towns: Urban responses to dying and the dead 100-1600. Leicester: University of Leicester Press.

Gilchrist, R. and Sloane, B. 2005. Requiem: The Medieval Monastic Cemetery in Britain. London: Museum of London.

Analysis of Burial Remains

Buckley, R., Morris, M., Appleby, J., King, T., O’Sullivan, D. and Foxhall, L. 2013. The King in the car park: New light on the death and burial of Richard III in the Grey Friars church, Leicester, in 1485. Antiquity 87(336), 519-38.

Connell, B. 2012. A Bioarchaeological Study of Medieval Burials on the Site of St. Mary Spital: Excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1. London: Museum of London Archaeology.

Dawes, J. and Magilton, J. 1980. The Cemetery of St. Helen-on-the-Walls, Aldwark. York: York Archaeological Trust.

Grainger, I. 2008. The Black Death Cemetery of East Smithfield, London. London: Museum of London Archaeology.

Knusel, C., Batt, C., Cook, G., Montgommery, J., Muldner, G., Ogden, A, Palmer, C., Stern, B., Todd, J. and Wilson, A. 2010. The identity of the St Bees Lady, Cumbria: An osteobiographical approach. Medieval Archaeology 54, 271-311.

Magilton, J. and Lee, F. 2008. “Lepers outside the gate”: Excavations at the Cemetery of the Hospital of St. James, Chichester, 1986-7 and 1993. York: Council for British Archaeology

Rodwell, W. Atkins, C. Badham, S. and Waldron, T. 2011. St Peter’s Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire: A Parish Church and its Community. Oxford: Oxbow.

Roberts, C. 2012. Health and welfare in medieval England: The human skeletal remains contextualised. In R. Gilchrist and A. Reynolds (eds.). Reflections: 50 Years of Medieval Archaeology, 1957-2007. Leeds: Maney, 307-26.

Grave Monuments

Badham, S. 2005. Evidence for the minor funerary monument industry 1100-1500. In K. Giles and C. Dyer (eds.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrast, Contacts and Interconnections, 1100-1500. Leeds: Maney 165-95.

McClain, A. 2012. Theory, disciplinary perspectives and the archaeology of later medieval England. Medieval Archaeology 56, 131-70.

O’Sullivan, D. 2011. Normanising the north: The evidence of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Scandinavian culture. Medieval Archaeology 55, 163-91.

Representing the Middle Ages

Hall, M. 2003. Quark, strangeness and charm: Reconstructing the medieval in European museums and galleries. European Journal of Archaeology 6(3), 336-40.