• To provide students with an understanding of the role of Distributed generation (DG) schemes in electrical energy networks.
• To provide students with an overview of Distributed Generation techniques of network integration.
• Introduce students to the concept of intermittent power sources and their contribution to capacity in electrical power systems.
• Provide a detailed review of voltage control and fault studies of Distributed Generation schemes.

• Demonstrate understanding of the main components of an electrical distribution network.
• Demonstrate detailed knowledge of the main concepts and principles relating to Distributed Generation schemes and their application to electrical energy networks.
• Recognise the impact of Distributed Generation on network performance.
• Explain the main features of protection systems used in the distribution networks with Distributed Generation.
• Understand the technical and economic factors which should be taken into account when designing distribution network extensions, particularly for Distributed Generation.

24 one-hour lectures

• Quantify the effect of Distributed Generation on voltage magnitude and fault levels.
• Evaluate the major technical issues relating to the implementation of Distributed Generation schemes.
• Identify methods used for overcoming voltage problems in networks with Distributed Generation.
• Interpret the benefits that Distributed Generation may provide to a power distribution system.
• Problem-solving specific problems associated with Distributed Generation.
• Use computer software to solve load flows and fault calculations associated with Distributed Generation.
• Exercise substantial independence and initiative in carrying out learning activities.
• Manage time effectively, working with deadlines and prioritise workload.
• Demonstrate independence in reporting and analysing results
• Communicate and participate in group activity and discussions in a variety of tasks.
• Professional awareness of the role and potential of Distributed Generation in electrical energy networks.

There are two components:
Coursework (30%)
End of semester examination (70%)

The module pass mark is 50%.

There is a potential for re-assessment in this module which may result in a 100% written assessment during the August Resit period.

Distributed Generation (DG) Definition and Terminology. Classification of DG Technologies.

Distribution system components Generators
- Synchronous Generators
- Induction Generators
- Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG)

Wind Turbines
- The wind resource
- Wind Energy Conversion Systems WECS and their electrical generators

Power Control of Wind Turbines

Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation

Voltage Control of Networks with DG
- Managing the voltage rise effect by generation curtailment
- Managing the voltage rise effect by reactive compensation
- Managing the voltage rise effect using coordinated voltage control. Application of OLTCs and Voltage Regulators
- Voltage management services, Ancillary services

Impact of DG on network fault levels
- Fault Level contributions
- Major methods of fault level reduction

Network evolution
- Real and reactive power flow
- DG power flow management
- Ancillary services

Passive and active networks

Please see Background Reading List for an indicative list.

Nick Jenkins, J. Ekanayake and Goran Strbac, ‘Distributed Generation', IET, 2010.

Nick Jenkins, Ron Allan, Peter Crossley, Daniel Kirschen and Goran Strbac, ‘Embedded Generation’, IEE Power and Energy Series, 2000.

E. Lakervi and E. J. Holmes, ‘Electricity Distribution Network Design’, 2nd edn, IEE Power and Energy Series, Vol 21, 2003.

James J. Burke, ‘Power Distribution Engineering, Fundamentals and Applications’, Marcel Dekker, 1994.

Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins and Ervin Bossanyi, 'Wind Energy Handbook', John Wiley and Sons, 2001.

Olimpo Anaya-Lara et al., 'Wind Energy Generation, Modelling and Control' John Wiley, 2009.