This module will provide students with an understanding of the role of Distributed generation (DG) schemes in electrical energy networks.  They will be given an overview of Distributed Generators and critically assess their impact on the network. Students will be introduced to the concept of intermittent power sources and their impact to electrical power systems in terms of fault contribution, reverse power flow, and existing protection coordination. 

LO1. Explain the main components of an electrical distribution network. 

LO2. Know in detail the main concepts and principles relating to Distributed Generation schemes and technologies, and their application to electrical energy networks. 

LO3. Analyse the impact of Distributed Generation on network performance. 

LO4. Explain the main features of protection systems used in the distribution networks with Distributed Generation. 

LO5. Demonstrate critical understanding of the technical and economic factors which should be considered when designing distribution network extensions, particularly for Distributed Generation. 

The module will be delivered in the Autumn Semester through a blend of online learning material, guided study, and on-campus face-to-face classes (tutorials, feedback sessions). A number of industrial Case Studies are structured within the module to illustrate some of the key themes. These case studies reflect on both documented evidence and experience of the lecturers associated with the module. In this way students gain a better understanding of some of the many issues associated with this broad-based subject. 

Structured problems are also integrated within the module notes and students are encouraged to discuss their solutions within the class tutorial environment. Students are expected to undertake all the tutorial questions and to relate them to the examples used during classes. This strengthening of knowledge in each module theme will help students towards meeting the learning outcomes. 

Skills developed and practised through the module include:  

• Evaluate the major technical issues relating to the implementation of Distributed Generation schemes. 

• Quantify the effect of Distributed Generation on voltage magnitude and fault levels. 

• Identify methods used for overcoming impacts such as fault current issues in networks with Distributed Generation. 

• Interpret the benefits that Distributed Generation may provide to a power distribution system. 

• Identify challenges associated with low inertia power systems.  

• Solving specific problems associated with Distributed Generation. 

• Use computer software IPSA+ to solve load flows and fault calculations associated with Distributed Generation. 

• Exercise substantial independence and initiative in carrying out learning activities. 

• Manage time effectively, working with deadlines and prioritise workload. 

• Demonstrate independence in reporting and analysing results. 

• Professional awareness of the role and potential of Distributed Generation in electrical energy networks. 

There are two assessments on the module:  

One summative assessment will be an individual Exam (70%) which covers MLO 1, 2, and 5. 

The exam consists of four equally weighted compulsory questions, and the questions are reflecting the main themes of the module including open-ended questions on the theoretical content of the module and numerical questions. 

Feedback on the summative exam will be provided in the form of generic cohort feedback and individual grade. 

Feedback on formative work will be verbal in class. 

The second summative assessment will be Coursework (30%) which covers MLO 3 and 4.  

Students will have the opportunity to understand how their assessment will be marked and how the feedback corresponds directly to the marking criteria. The detailed marking scheme is provided along with the coursework on the front sheet.  

Feedback on the coursework is provided on the Front Sheet marking scheme highlighting the positive and negative points and suggesting ways of improving the performance. See Appendix 1 for Assessment criteria. 

THE OPPORTUNITY FOR REASSESSMENT IN THIS MODULE:  

The opportunity for reassessment in this module will be set at component level. The remit of the reassessment will be set by the module leader mapped against the module learning outcomes. 

Opportunities for re-assessment is only permitted provided you have not failed more credit than in the resit rule adopted by your programme.  If the amount of credit you have failed is more than permitted by the relevant resit rule, you may be permitted to repeat study if you are within the threshold set for the Repeat rule adopted by your programme.  You will be notified of your eligibility to resit/repeat any modules after the Examining Board in the Summer period. 

Distributed Generation (DG) Definition and Terminology. Classification of DG Technologies. 

Generators for DGs 

• - Synchronous Generators 
• - Induction Generators 
• - Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) 
• - Full power converter-based generators  

Wind Turbines 

• - The wind resource 
• - Wind Energy Conversion Systems WECS and their electrical generators 

Power Control of Wind Turbines 

PV Systems, Network integration of PV systems   

Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation 

• Impact of DG on network  

• Fault Level contributions and major methods of fault level reduction 

Real and reactive power flow, DG power flow management 

Low inertia, green inertia projects in GB power system.  

Islanding detection in networks with DGs. Position of Grid Codes on islanding.  

Regulations, Codes and Standards in Networks with DG 

IPSA+ power system analysis software tutorial.